The Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE, has published the Class 11 syllabus for the 2026-27 academic year. Students ...

Biotechnology has long relied on a handful of model microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose genetics and physiology are ...

Biotechnology uses living systems, cells, biomolecules, and biological processes to create products, tools, therapies, diagnostics, materials, and industrial ...

Fermentation remains one of the most important biotechnological routes for transforming raw materials into high-value foods and beverages, while also ...

Streptomyces species are soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacteria renowned for their prolific secretion of enzymes and secondary metabolites. Their large genomes encode elaborate secretory machineries, ...

Mannanases are specialised enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of β-1,4-mannosidic linkages in mannans, a major component of hemicellulose in plant cell walls. They are produced naturally by a wide ...