It takes considerable time and effort to manufacture “perfect” surfaces. The mirrors on NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, with a surface area of about 25 m 2 and finished to accuracies of 25 nm, took ...

Position encoders are sensors that, when used in industrial settings, produce critical motor information such as speed and position. The encoder delivers data for display or data that may serve as ...

Precisely tracking speed, acceleration, and position of a motor's rotor is an essential requirement for many motor control applications found in everyday equipment such as fax machines, elevators, and ...

Rotary encoders connect to a shaft and, as the shaft rotates, the encoder outputs pulses. These are used to determine the speed of the object. By counting the amount of pulses per one full turn of the ...

1. This optimised analogue-conditioning circuit can avoid signal distortion caused by nonlinearities, and guarantee an optimum interface between the encoder and ADC. 2. shown is a normalised RC filter ...