Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes muscles to contract involuntarily, often leading to repetitive or twisting movements in different parts of the body. While the condition is not typically ...

Medically reviewed by Nicholas R. Metrus, MD Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia are movement disorders with different causes and ...

Dystonia can affect everyone, from small children to older adults. Childhood dystonia is usually generalized dystonia (affecting most body parts). It is usually caused by genetic factors, while ...

Dystonia is a common and disabling movement disorder in humans. It encompasses a variety of different symptoms including torticollis, limb and trunk dystonia, writer's cramp, blepharospasm and spastic ...

Cervical dystonia is a rare condition in which your neck muscles involuntarily contract into abnormal positions. It causes repetitive twisting movements of your head and neck. The movements can be ...

Neuroscientist Joaquin Farias trained as a professional musician in his youth. He played the harpsichord, flute and piano. When he was 21, something changed — he felt as though he could not properly ...

The symptoms of dystonia vary depending on which form of the condition a person has and how severe it is. If the dystonia is genetic or the cause is unknown, it is termed primary dystonia, while ...

From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

Parkinson's disease, characterized by dopamine loss, primarily affects older adults, causing tremors and stiffness. Dystonia involves involuntary muscle contractions, often starting at a younger age ...

Parkinson’s disease and dystonia are both movement disorders that affect the nervous system, and while they may seem similar on the surface, they are quite different in their causes, onset, and ...

Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) is an injection prescribed to treat cervical dystonia in adults. Your doctor will typically start by prescribing a low dose, such as 100 units every 3 months. Depending on ...