In college, I learned about the myriad logical fallacies that pervade our world. Good logic, it turned out, was pretty restrictive. It consisted primarily of modus ponens—“If A is true, then B is true ...

Logic is a process whereby one makes an argument based on a premise. If the premise is false, the process of logic can still prove it, albeit possibly not as easily or convincingly as a true premise.

As seen in earlier articles, the only two possible states of information for digital electronics are true and false. Be it an electric current, a numeric datum, or a variable of any kind, the system’s ...