The previous article examined the concept of logic gates. They can be made from discrete and active electronic components, although today logic gates are available within integrated circuits. In this ...

Today, we are surrounded by digital electronics. Devices that work with analog electronics are very rare. Computers, telephones, cameras, CD players, printers, radios, and TVs all operate with digital ...

If your introduction to digital electronics came more years ago than you’d care to mention, the chances are you did so with 5V TTL logic. Above 2V but usually pretty close to 5V is a logic 1, below ...

Digital electronic devices form the backbone of modern technology, enabling the processing, storage, and transmission of information using binary signals. These systems, based on semiconductor ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...