The ossicular chain (malleus, incus, and stapes) is the key middle-ear structure responsible for sound transmission, and abnormalities in any component can disrupt conduction and cause conductive ...

Newly discovered fossil evidence has led to a re-evaluation of one of the fundamental transitions in mammalian evolution: the transformation of bones of the lower jaw into those of the middle ear.

Otosclerosis is one of many hearing disorders found only in humans, affecting the otic capsule. It occurs when the joints between the ossicles in the middle ear become hardened with age. The formation ...