Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...

Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...

With Tektronix's SignalVu-PC software, the company’s 5 and 6 Series B MSO oscilloscopes can perform RF spectral and modulation analysis of multiple channels. The video transcript below has been edited ...

A look at the simplest FM demodulation technique. It doesn’t give the lowest possible output distortion, it doesn’t reject amplitude distortion effects, but it is simple and can be used at virtually ...

Bacteria employ complex signaling networks for adaptive gene control in changing environments. Bacterial second messenger molecules such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) relay external environmental signals into ...

Continental has been granted a patent for a method of switching electronic components using pulse-width modulation signals. The method controls output signals through control signals, adjusting them ...