Inserting, removing or swapping individual atoms from the core of a molecule is a long-standing challenge in chemistry. This ...

Our bodies comprise different tissues and organs, which are composed of many cells that must adhere to form functional higher order structures. This adherence is facilitated by specialized proteins ...

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together. Molecules make up nearly everything around you – your skin, your chair, even your food. They vary in size, but are extremely small. You can’t see an ...

Left: This is a simulated atomic force microscopy image. In this method, the tip of the microscope scans the surface of the sample (here: a single cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) molecule), measuring the ...

Invented 30 years ago, the atomic force microscope has been a major driver of nanotechnology, ranging from atomic-scale imaging to its latest applications in manipulating individual molecules, ...

Physicists at the University of Regensburg have found a way to manipulate the quantum state of individual electrons using a microscope with atomic resolution. The results of the study have now been ...

Analyzing structures and physicochemical properties of biomolecules is a major field of research in biotechnology. The four major types of biological macromolecules namely, carbohydrate, proteins, ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy have emerged as complementary techniques that enable the precise characterisation of materials at the nanoscale. AFM provides ...

In nanotechnology and molecular biology, researchers are often severely limited by the inability to observe atoms and molecules in three dimensions. Proteins, for instance, fold into complex patterns ...

Leo Gross is a physicist who has devoted his career to studying the fundamental secrets of chemistry—that is, how atoms and molecules behave and interact with one another. As leader of IBM’s atom and ...