There are standard techniques to generate negative output voltages, and there are well-known approaches to dynamically adjust an output voltage. The missing link that I hope to address in this article ...

Use of buck-boost circuits in switching-regulator ICs. Considerations in level-shift circuit design. Switching regulators with internal level shifting. The magnitude of the negative voltage generated ...

There was a time when building electronics and building software were two distinct activities. These days, almost any significant electronic project will use a CPU somewhere, or — at least — could.

Electronic equipment uses predominantly positive voltage rails for power; occasionally, some negative voltage rails are also used. For this reason, negative (or inverting) output DC-DC converter ...